E-resource FORESTRY
The characteristics of forest soil types
1. Film in the standard version.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The forester updates an intern’s knowledge regarding pedology, putting emphasis on the types of soil in his forestry. They discuss the characteristic elements of soil. Leśniczy uaktualnia wiedzę praktykantki z zakresu gleboznawstwa, kładąc nacisk na typy gleb występujących w jego leśnictwie. Omawia charakterystyczne elementy gleb.
2. Film with subtitles.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The forester updates an intern’s knowledge regarding pedology, putting emphasis on the types of soil in his forestry. They discuss the characteristic elements of soil. Leśniczy uaktualnia wiedzę praktykantki z zakresu gleboznawstwa, kładąc nacisk na typy gleb występujących w jego leśnictwie. Omawia charakterystyczne elementy gleb.
3. Film with subtitles and pauses. Listen and repeat after the speaker.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The forester updates an intern’s knowledge regarding pedology, putting emphasis on the types of soil in his forestry. They discuss the characteristic elements of soil. Leśniczy uaktualnia wiedzę praktykantki z zakresu gleboznawstwa, kładąc nacisk na typy gleb występujących w jego leśnictwie. Omawia charakterystyczne elementy gleb.
4. Film with subtitles and narration.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The forester updates an intern’s knowledge regarding pedology, putting emphasis on the types of soil in his forestry. They discuss the characteristic elements of soil. Leśniczy uaktualnia wiedzę praktykantki z zakresu gleboznawstwa, kładąc nacisk na typy gleb występujących w jego leśnictwie. Omawia charakterystyczne elementy gleb.
After watching the film “The characteristics of forest soil types”, complete the sentences. Po obejrzeniu filmu „Charakterystyka rodzajów gleb leśnych”, uzupełnij zdania.
loam, beech, fresh, forestry, habitat, pedology, spodic soil, species
The interns need to have basic knowledge of .......................
In our ...................... , we have mostly beech and oak forests.
Most of the ...................... and oak forests grow on brown soil.
Pine coniferous forests grow well on .......................
What ...................... types of forests are suitable for brown soils?
Brown soils include glacial sands, dust and glacial .......................
Spodic soils, which include fluvioglacial sands and sandur sands, are the best place for ...................... coniferous forests with Scots pine.
The appropriate selection of ...................... with regards to the conditions in a given habitat is the foundation of good forest cultivation.
After watching the film “The characteristics of forest soil types”, solve the crossword using the English translations of the provided words. Po obejrzeniu filmu „Charakterystyka rodzajów gleb leśnych”, rozwiąż krzyżówkę wpisując angielskie tłumaczenie podanych wyrazów.
- bielicowa
- przekrój
- sandrowe
- polodowcowe
- żyzne
- wydma
- brunatne
- ił
- pył
- gleba
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Forest cultivation
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The animation presents the cycle of forest cultivation. The phases of tree stand development are listed. Intermediate treatments are described. Przybliżenie cyklu hodowli lasu. Wymienione zostają fazy rozwojowe drzewostanu. Przedstawione zostają zabiegi pielęgnacyjne.
After watching the voice-over animation “Forest cultivation”, decide whether the sentences are true or false. Po obejrzeniu animacji z lektorem „Hodowla lasu”, zdecyduj, czy twierdzenie jest prawdziwe, czy nie.
| Prawda | Fałsz | |
| Forest cultivation is the most important part of forest management. | □ | □ |
| Forest cultivation is a very long production cycle, of an average of 300 years. | □ | □ |
| Forest cultivation includes: renewal, afforestation, enrichment plantings, fill-in plantings and intermediate treatments. | □ | □ |
| Most of the areas are renewed artificially via hand planting, or mechanically, using a planter. | □ | □ |
| Renewals are done on post-arable lands and others, e.g.,. on dunes, marshes, moors and lands degraded as a result of man’s activity: mine slag heaps, open pits. | □ | □ |
| After renewal and preparing the soil, the cultivation needs to be tended to. | □ | □ |
| Early thinning protects the tree stand from abiotic agents. | □ | □ |
| Early thinning leads the stand to maturity age in order to obtain the optimal quality of the trees. | □ | □ |
Phyto irrigation and agro irrigation treatments in forests
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The animation discusses phyto irrigation and agro irrigation treatments in forests. It describes and explains phyto irrigation treatments such as species restoration, the introduction of the understorey, anti-erosive plantings. It shows a few agro irrigation treatments, e.g., the reclamation of post-mining lands, the improvement of water relations, deep tillage and anti-erosive activities. Animacja omawia zabiegi fitomelioracyjne i agromelioracyjne w lesie. Przybliża takie zabiegi fitomelioracyjne jak restytucje gatunków, wprowadzanie podszytów, obsadzanie antyerozyjne. Przedstawia kilka zabiegów agromelioracyjnych tj. rekultywację gruntów pokopalnianych, poprawę stosunków wodnych, głęboszowanie gleby czy działania przeciwerozyjne.
Preparing enrichment plantings for a forest protection proposal
The hypertext material is a dialogue between a forester and a deputy forester. They plan the area of the enrichment plantings necessary to make on the previously established forest cultivations. Special attention is paid to a few three‑year‑old cultivations, damaged mostly by frosts. They discuss the choice of a species that will be the most resistant to frost.
Hipertekst jest dialogiem leśniczego z podleśniczyną. Uzgadniają powierzchnię poprawek niezbędnych do wykonania na założonych wcześniej uprawach leśnych. Szczególną uwagę poświęcają kilku uprawom trzyletnim. Wystąpiły na nich szkody spowodowane mrozem. Dyskutują nad wyborem gatunku, który będzie najbardziej odporny na mróz.
Forester: Miss Barbra, today we will work on the forest cultivationforest cultivation proposal. We will focus on the size of the area needed to make enrichment plantingsenrichment plantings.
Deputy forester: In most of the inspected districts, the removed treesremoved trees don’t exceed 6% so enrichment plantings aren’t needed. A voluntary seedingvoluntary seeding of pine took place there and the tree cover reaches 120%. However, in the oak and beech cultivations, serious enrichment plantings are needed as a result of late frostfrost in May. Also, volesvoles have damaged the beech areas.m3fccd9a3cc7211ec_1497279753543_0
Forester: First the preparation of the soil. We will make scalpsscalps with a 40x40cm digging throughdigging through in the quantity of 8000 units/ha everywhere. For the plantings, we will use three‑year old common oak and two‑year‑old beech. Additionally, we will plan intermediate treatments in the oak through hoeinghoeingto uncover the root collarsroot collars.
Deputy forester: Could we replace the oaks with beeches in part of the shelter wood?
Forester: No, the common oak seedlings from our nurserynursery are very good planting material. Even in the case of late frost next year, they shouldn’t be as dangerous since the oak will be protected by grassgrass and raspberryraspberry. I’m more worried about the voles. If thebirds of preybirds of prey don’t reduce their numbers, we might be forced to make enrichment plantings in the next years. We need a bird hidehide.
Deputy forester: Will the hide solve the problem?
Forester: I think so. From the hide, the birds will be able to observe the terrain in search of, e.g., voles. That way, we can regulateregulate the number of pests.
Deputy forester: You’re right. I also calculated the enrichment planting surface in all of the divisions. There are 2ha together. We need 8 thousand oak seedlings to supplement what was destroyed by the frosts. We need just as many beech seedlings**seedlings**: we will replace the seedlings destroyed by voles. The engineer supervisor has confirmed the validity of our propositions.
Forester: Good work. Let’s introduce the particular activities into the cultivation plancultivation plan.
On the basis of the hypertext “Preparing enrichment plantings for a forest protection proposal”, connect the words into pairs. Na podstawie hipertekstu „Przygotowanie poprawek do wniosku hodowli lasu”, połącz wyrazy w pary.
frost, engineer, seeding, of the area, material, of prey, cultivation, collar, regulation, enrichment plantings
| forest | |
| size | |
| making | |
| voluntary | |
| late | |
| root | |
| planting | |
| birds | |
| population | |
| supervision |
Forest habitat types
The hypertext presents a conversation between a forester and an intern. After a forestry inspection, the forester describes the habitat types in the area. The forester asks the intern to what habitat a given area belongs to. Together, they elaborate on their answers.
Hipertekst jest rozmową leśniczego z praktykantką. Po lustracji leśnictwa leśniczy przedstawia główne typy siedliskowe lasu występujące na jego terenie. Wypytuje praktykantkę do jakiego typu siedliska zakwalifikowałaby daną powierzchnię. Wzajemnie uzupełniają swoje wypowiedzi.
Forester: Miss Monica, I will show you the habitat typeshabitat types present in the forestry today.
Intern: There are pine and spruce tree stands here, which are coniferous forest sitesconiferous forest sites.
Forester: On the area of 2400ha, I have a few habitat types. On the southern site, on a dune, there is a dry coniferous forestdry coniferous forest. A few districts consist of a fresh coniferous forestfresh coniferous forest of the more humid variety. The next few districts are a fresh mixed coniferous forestmixed coniferous forest, of the more humid variety too. In the central part of the forestry, there is a fresh forestfresh forest and afresh mixed forestfresh mixed forest. The true gem of the area is a 100ha ash alder forestash alder forest. Please, tell me what you know about dry and fresh coniferous forests.
Intern: The dry coniferous forest is a poor habitat, where pine and birch grow as pioneer species. We often encounter lichenlichen there. On the other hand, the fresh coniferous forest grows on spodic type soils and on rusty soilsrusty soils with a layer of acid humus of the mormor type. Pine with the addition of birch dominates in the tree stand. And in the lower stratum there is beech, lime tree, oak, spruce and fir.
Forester: Very good. What about the fresh mixed coniferous forest in the whole lowland?
Intern: Those habitats occupy about 18% of forest areas in Poland. The dominating species is pine. The admixture species are spruce, oak, beech, fir; less often larch, aspen, birch, hornbeam, lime tree, maple.
Forester: Great. What about the ash alder forest?
Intern: It occupies fertile, marsh habitats. This habitat is often a transition to a damp forest. However, the cluster structurecluster structure typical for alder is not developed. The tree stand is made up of ash, black alder; the admixture species are elm, downy birch. Ash alder is characterized by a strong cluster and a unit and cluster mix.
Forester: You have very good knowledge of the material. Congratulations.
Intern: Thank you.
After familiarizing yourself with the hypertext “Forest habitat types”, match the Polish sentences with their translations. Po zapoznaniu się z hipertekstem „Typy siedliskowe lasu”, połącz polskie zdania z ich tłumaczeniami.
The fresh mixed coniferous forest habitats occupy about 18% of forest areas in Poland., On the area of our forestry, there are four forest habitat types., An ash alder forest occupies fertile, marsh habitats., Pine and birch are most often found as pioneer species in poor habitats such as dry coniferous forests., Can you please tell me something about the dry coniferous forest and fresh coniferous forest habitat types?, The southern part of the forestry is a dry coniferous forest habitat on a dune., On rusty soils with a layer of acid humus, in the lower stratum, there are: beech, lime tree, oak., In an ash alder forest, the tree stand is mostly made up of ash and black alder.
| Na terenie naszego leśnictwa występują cztery typy siedliskowe lasu. | |
| Część południowe nadleśnictwa to siedliska borowe bór suchy na wydmie. | |
| Sosna i brzoza jako gatunki pionierskie najczęściej odnajduje się w siedliskach ubogich takich jak bór suchy. | |
| Na glebach rdzawych z warstwą kwaśnej próchnicy typu mor w piętrze dolnym występują: buk, lipa, dąb. | |
| Siedliska boru mieszanego świeżego zajmują ok. 18% powierzchni leśnej w Polsce. | |
| Ols jesionowy zajmuje siedliska żyzne, bagienne. | |
| W olsie jesionowym drzewostan tworzą najczęściej jesion i olsza czarna. | |
| Czy możesz mi coś powiedzieć na temat typów siedliskowych bór suchy i bór świeży? |
Functions of forests
The hypertext is an article from a local newspaper. It describes the economic and non‑economic functions of forests. It explains their interactions and the principles of forest management that ensure forest continuity.
Hipertekst jest artykułem w gazecie lokalnej. Zawiera opis funkcji gospodarczej i pozagospodarczej lasu. Wyjaśnia ich wzajemną interakcję oraz zasady prowadzenia gospodarki leśnej gwarantujące zachowanie ciągłości lasu.
A forest: the cradle of humanity and culture. It has contributed to the achievement of the current level of economic and cultural life worldwide. The functionsfunctions of forests have changed, but they have always been important for the development of society.
What kinds of functions do forests have? Forest functions can be divided into productive (economic) functions and non‑productive ones, which are further divided into ecological, cultural, social. The most important principle of rational forest management is to ensure the continuity of forests, to increase the areas of forest lands and to preserve their biodiversitybiodiversity.
Let's start with the economic functions. Forests are property: forest lands are a part of national wealth and contribute to national income. Forests provide many raw materialsraw materials. They condition the development of a number of industries important for national economy.
Forests also have ecological functions. Due to the special properties of forest soils, forests are of great importance for water protectionprotection. Forest soils with litter and humushumus layers easily absorb and store water. Forests prevent water pollutionpollution. It’s in fact the only irreplaceable spring water filterfilter.
Forests also perform protective functions against natural disastersnatural disasters. Forested areas stabilizestabilize the land and protect the people, buildings and structures from landslideslandslides, avalanchesavalanches and mountain streams.
Of course, forest areas are the richest source of plant and animal life, often the only refugerefuge of some species.
The social functions of forests can’t be forgotten. It’s a source of calmness and tranquility; a place of rest and walking. Forests also influence the enrichment of the labor market and the creation of various forms of the use of the forestuse of the forest by local communities.
After familiarizing yourself with the hypertext ”Functions of forests”, decide whether the sentences are true or false. Po zapoznaniu się z hipertekstem „Funkcje lasu”, zdecyduj, czy twierdzenie jest prawdziwe, czy nie.
| Prawda | Fałsz | |
| The most important principle of rational forest management is to ensure the continuity of forests, increase the areas of forest lands and to preserve their biodiversity. | □ | □ |
| Forests provide many raw materials that condition the development of a number of industries important for national economy. | □ | □ |
| The forest performs economical, ecological , cultural and social functions. | □ | □ |
| Due to the special properties of forest soils, forests are of great importance for fire protection. | □ | □ |
| Forest soils with litter and humus layers absorb and store water with difficulty. | □ | □ |
| Forested areas do not protect from landslides, avalanches and mountain streams. | □ | □ |
| Forest areas are the richest source of plant and animal life, often the only refuge of some species. | □ | □ |
| Forests also influence the enrichment of the labor market and the creation of various forms of the use of the forest by local communities. | □ | □ |
Gallery
Memory
Zasób interaktywny dostępny pod adresem https://zpe.gov.pl/a/D19WLRxHE
Dictionary
agromelioracja
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