to explain what the geographical discoveries brought;
to exchange what were the civilizations of the New WorldNew World;
telling who were the conquistadorsconquistadors and what they did;
to explain what were the consequences of the geographical discoveries for the people of Europe and the conquered lands.
Before the arrival of Europeans in South and Central America, the Mayan, Inca and Aztec tribal states were established and developed. The Indians lived in magnificent and rich stone cities. These states were conquered by European conquerors, i.e. conquistadors, mainly Spaniards and Portuguese.
The conquistadors dominated over the Indians militarily, because they had firearms and horses at their disposal (the Indians did not invent gunpowder and did not domesticate the horses). Local culture was destroyed. The Indians were pushed into a subordinate role in their own state, they were ruthlessly exploited and forced to convert to Christianity. They died on a massive scale from illnesses brought by Europeans. A stream of bullion (gold and silver) and previously unknown crops flowed into Europe. This led to the economic recovery of the Old World.
Determine whether the sentences are true or false.
Indians built cities out of wood because they had plenty of wood., Indians were able to build bridges., Indian cities were also built high in the mountains., Indians erected buildings mainly of stone., Indians were good engineers., Of the Indian tribes, only the Mayans knew how to erect buildings., Indians did not know the cities and lived in small villages.
true | |
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false |
At the beginning of the 16th century, the Spanish people, greedy for the riches of the Indians, set off to conquer their continent. The conquest was facilitated thanks to the use of firearms and horses, which were not known and feared by the Indians. They destroyed the achievements of the Indian states, murdered local people or forced them to work hard.
Here is an extract from the diary of one of the Spanish soldiers who conquered the Aztecs’ state. Read the text and do the exercises.
Pamiętnik żołnierza Corteza czyli prawdziwa historia podboju Nowej HiszpaniiA true story of the conquer of New Spain by Cortés - a diary of a soldier
RpYpQE2aG0zLY1 When we saw those towns and villages floating on water, and other big cities on land [...] we stood in awe. [...] These big cities and pyramids, and buildings coming up from water, all made of stone, seemed to us like a magical vision. [...] Today though, everything I have seen once, is ruined and destroyed. Not a stone was left behind.
Read the calendar of geographical discoveries.
The following was imported to Europe:
gold, potatoes, corn, silver, coffee, sugar, cocoa, seasonings, tea, silk, rice, tomatoes
from Asia | |
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from America |
Positive and negative effects of the conquest of the New World. Match to the appropriate group.
Death of millions of indigenous people., Destructive activity of conquistadors., Destruction and degradation of the cultures of the New World's inhabitants., Economic and social exploitation of new lands., Development of slavery., Development of science and technology., New sales markets., New trade routes., Confirmation of the sphericity of Earth., Broadening of horizons., Duality in the economic development of Europe., Discovery of new species of plants, animals and raw materials., Diseases and epidemics in the New World., Development of European countries., Development of buccaneering.
positive | |
---|---|
negative |
Keywords
geographical discoveries, conquistador, Indians, New World
Glossary
Nowy Świat – nowo odkryte przez Europejczyków tereny. Starym światem określano znane już ziemie – Europę, Afrykę i Azję.
plantacja – wielki teren przeznaczony pod uprawę jednego gatunku roślin. Kiedyś pracowali na nich przede wszystkim niewolnicy.
konkwistador – hiszpański zdobywca, którego celem było podbicie i zagarnięcie terenów w Nowym Świecie. Ich celem była walka z niewiernymi i rozszerzanie wpływów monarchii.
Eldorado – mityczna kraina, miasto w Ameryce Południowej pełne złota.
chrystianizacja – proces przyjmowania symboli i wiary chrześcijańskiej oraz zastępowanie nią wierzeń pogańskich.
misja – działalność przedstawicieli jakiejś religii (misjonarzy) w celu rozpowszechnienia swoich wierzeń. Misją nazywano również placówkę prowadząca taką działalność.